Socrates And Machiavelli s Views On Violence And Violent...

Socrates and Machiavelli hold vastly different views on violence and violent actions, the former advocates strongly that it is always better to be harmed rather than to harm while the latter argues that violence is essential, when used correctly, in order to gain and maintain power. These contrasting views on violence both hold merit, yet the question of which view is more corrupting depends strongly on what corruption is defined as, and thus, which view fits this definition. Socrates is determined to be guilty of corruption by the court of Athenians, as his methods of questioning and actions regarding violence are viewed as dangerous and threatening to the Athenian democracy. However, he also acts in ways that strengthen the democracy with his view, by defending the law even when other members of the court disagree with him and violence appears imminent. Machiavelli, on the other hand, states that violence is necessary and that wickedness and improper violence corrupt more so than v iolence itself. When used properly, he believes that violence is not corrupting, but rather essential in maintaining power and creating a successful rule. In the case of examining these differing views of violence and determining which is more corrupting, corruption is to be defined as actions that are purposefully undertaken that weaken the rule of government and put the lives and property of the citizens. Based upon this definition, when violence is handled how Machiavelli suggests, his viewsShow MoreRelatedSocrates And Machiavelli2009 Words   |  9 PagesSocrates and Machiavelli are both very influential philosophers and two of the great minds of their time. However, both of these men had their own separate ideas that did not completely agree with one another. Machiavelli was born into a Renaissance time period of fragmented politics, lots of bloodshed, and angry citizens while Socrates grew up in a time of political adjustment and instability in Athens. Machiavelli constructed The Prince as a political pamphlet to his friend Lorenzo de Medici

Essay about 1984 and the Truman Show - 906 Words

A utopia is a seemingly perfect world, with happiness, honesty, equality, and peace. Although in the novel, 1984, by George Orwell, and the film The Truman Show, directed by Peter Wier, the readers and viewers are presented with a negative utopian society. A negative utopian society is a perfect world that somewhere has gone wrong. The controllers in the novel and film succeeded in achieving complete control and power, which was their attempt to make the ideal society. Each controller has a different threat, in 1984 it is association while in the film, The Truman Show, it is separation from the outside world. In George Orwells 1984, the ruling body, known as the Inner party, gains complete control over the people in their country.†¦show more content†¦He starts working for the government and becomes ignorant as the other citizens. In Peter Weirs film, The Truman Show, the ruling body directed by Christof, gains complete control over Trumans life since birth. The entire world has watched Truman grow up through the television screen while Truman believes that he is leading a normal life. Truman has no idea that other people are watching is every move, from sleeping, work, and all his personal daily duties. The director is afraid of separation from Truman and the actors that play the daily roles in Trumans life story. Christof is afraid that if one person slips and says something that would make Truman realize that his entire life is fake that he might end up leaving and destroying his television show. The director controls everything that is going to happen in Trumans life, from their actions, arguments, and the feelings. Truman, the main character that the film is about begins to realize that something is wrong in his life. Everything appears the same everyday without change. Look at that sunset, its pe rfect.(Weir) Trumans world appears perfect to him. Sylvia (Lauren) falls in love with Truman and tells him that it is all justShow MoreRelated 1984 And The Truman Show Essay873 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough in the novel, 1984, by George Orwell, and the film The Truman Show, directed by Peter Wier, the readers and viewers are presented with a negative utopian society. A negative utopian society is a perfect world that somewhere has gone wrong. The controllers in the novel and film succeeded in achieving complete control and power, which was their attempt to make the ideal society. Each controller has a different threat, in 1984 it is association while in the film, The Truman Show, it is separationRead MoreThe Power Of Manipulation In 1984 By George Orwell926 Words   |  4 Pagesproven to be a huge undertaking by Germans in the 1930’s during the Holocaust. Similarly to George Orwell’s, 1984, he takes this dilemma into his own hands when writing about the total co ntrol of the people of Oceania. It is proven that for one to stay in power, one must manipulate the truth. It is a common dilemma that gaining the trust of an individual is obtained through lies. In 1984, Big Brother has created the Ministries to keep Oceania under the total control of Big Brother. There is theRead MoreIn Cold Blood by Gerald Clarke836 Words   |  3 PagesTruman Capote remains a literary great. His works have been adapted into screenplays and mostly have received critical acclaim. The film ‘Capote’ was aimed to be biographical in nature and focused mainly on the years Truman Capote spent writing the novel ‘In Cold Blood’. The film ‘Capote’ was by directed Bennett Miller after being adapted from a book of the same title, written by Gerald Clarke. It was set in Kansas and starred Seymour Hoffman as Truman Capote and chronicled a six year period in theRead MoreTruman Capote Research959 Words   |  4 PagesTruman Capote was best known for his vivacious and eccentric way of life, as well as his works in the 20th Century. While rea ding his first novel ever printed by him, Other Voices, Other Rooms, the characters and story line that Capote created was one that would clearly strike a touching insolence to many readers. Not only does Capote fascinate readers with his life, but also with the heart of life and nostalgia that is created when reading any of his work. Capote’s writing career began very prematurelyRead MoreTruman Capote Essay1705 Words   |  7 PagesAlas, Truman Capote, probably one of the greatest 20th century American writers of all time. Capote was a large part of the Southern Gothic literary movement. He really did not write in a set genre, he created his own which is commonly known as nonfiction fiction. His novels, short stories, and plays are mostly recognized as literary classics. He is most well-known for his novella Breakfast at Tiffany’s (1958), and In Cold Blood (1965). Many films and other television media have been produced fromRead MoreTruman Capote Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesThe short stories of Truman Capote are connected to his childhood experiences in Alabama. Truman capote was an American born writer who wrote non- fiction, short stories, novels and plays. All of his literary works have been perceived as literary classics. The tones of some of his stories are slightly gothic. His most famous short story is Children on Their Birthdays. His work shows the occasional over writing, the twilit Gothic subject matter, and the masochistic uses of horror traditional in theRead MoreTruman Capote is Famous for His Novels, Stories and Screenplays816 Words   |  3 Pages Truman Capote was born September 30th 1924 and died August 15th 1984. At the age of seventeen he got a job writing in the New Yorker magazine. In his lifetime he wrote many great books including In Cold Blood, Other Voices, A Christmas Memory, The Thanksgiving Visitor, many more wonderful stories. In Cold Blood was published September twenty fifth in 1965. Truman Capote received much help in his four years of writing In Cold Blood from Harper Lee who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird. He was veryRead MoreForeign Policy Development in the 20th Century Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pagescontainment policy which was adopted by President Harry Truman. The containment policy was a doctrine uniting military, economic, and diplomatic strategies to turn back communism and to insure that America would hold the leading role in world affairs. Many people felt that if Franklin Roosevelt had lived he could have settled tensions between the Untied Sates and the Soviet Union because Truman lacked the diplomacy talent that F.D.R used so often. Truman stood strong against communism were as F.D.R. wouldRead MoreThe Battle Of The Cold War1450 Words   |  6 Pages By the end of World War II, American policy towards the Soviets had transformed drastically, along with the change of president in 1945, which further caused relations with Russia to worsen. Additional contributions to the Cold War included the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan. The section of Europe, between the west and east, drew on physical borders outlining that the war of misinformation had formally commenced. The waging of hot wars through other countries also strengthened Cold WarRead MoreEssay about Understanding the Marshal Plan2027 Words   |  9 Pagescapitalism and communism, into Europe? For the United States, this would be attained through the implementation of the Marshall Plan in April of 1948. (Lapsansky-Werner, 2011, 402). But to understand the Marshall Plan, one must first examine the Truman Doctrine, which experts and historians have regarded as the basis for the Marshall Plan. Since 1944, the British government had been providing economic as well as military aid to Greece and Turkey to prevent a left-wing insurgency by communists.

Humanity A Moral History of the 20th Century by Jonathan...

As most people would agree, the 20th century contained some of the bloodiest and most gruesome events ever recorded in history. Why do words such as Hiroshima, Rwanda, The Final Solution, A Great Leap Forward, The Great Purge and so many more spark such vivid images of blood, torture and murder in our minds? And despite those horrific images, what is it that causes us humans time and time again to commit such crimes against humanity? Those are the kinds of questions Jonathan Glover, a critically acclaimed ethics philosopher, tries to answer in the book he had spent over ten years writing, Humanity: A Moral History of the 20th Century. Through Humanity Glover tries to answer those questions in a way which will give a solution as how we can†¦show more content†¦(Pinker) For instance, Glover’s description of the horrors in My Lai (Vietnam) will resonate with any reader well after he or she have finished the novel: â€Å"They [the American troops] burnt down every house. They raped women and girls and killed them. They stabbed some women in the vagina and disemboweled others†¦ Pregnant women had their stomachs slashed open and were left to die† (Glover 58). Although for some, the My Lai Massacre may seem less important than the Holocaust, for example, because of the smaller number of deaths, Glover does not see it that way. In his eyes, it does not matter how many deaths there were; just the mere fact that humans have let themselves do such obscene acts to other human beings is what matters. But what is even more important than those past events is how humanity, as a whole, can stop events such as the My Lai Massacre from ever happening again. In 1986, the Seville Statement on Violence was convened by The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Part of this statement says that â€Å"it is scientifically incorrect to say that war or any other violent behavior is genetically programmed into our human nat ure†. Though this may be a widely accepted idea, it is quite obvious that Glover rejects it. He does not let our species off easily; he specifically says that, â€Å"We need to look hard and clearly at some monsters inside us. But this is part of the project of cagingShow MoreRelatedSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 Pages4th Edition_Marno Verbeek (SM) A History of Modern Psychology, 10th Edition _ Duane P. Schultz, Sydney Ellen Schultz ( IM+TB) A Microscale Approach to Organic Laboratory Techniques, 5th Edition _Donald L. Pavia, George S. Kriz, Gary M. Lampman, Randall G. Engel (IM) A People and a Nation A History of the United States, Brief Edition, Volume I, 9th Edition_Mary Beth Norton, Carol Sheriff, David W. Blight, Howard P. Chudacoff, A People and a Nation A History of the United States, Volume II Since

The Government Expectations Through The Cafe Standards On...

The government expectations through the CAFE standards on consumer cost benefit analysis on purchasing an eco-friendlier car is not realistic to what consumers truly value. If this were the case, then why wouldn’t everyone be purchasing a more economical vehicle? The problem with these governmental standards is that they do not efficiently satisfy the needs of both the consumers and manufacturers within the automobile industry. Although the data suggests that the net benefits certainly outweigh the costs in the long run, what is not seen are the costs incurred to manufacturers over time. Using the economic theories of the Keynesian Model, from â€Å"That which is seen, and that which is not seen†, and supply and demand, we will discuss the implications of these imposed standards and suggest our own recommendations for solving this problem. Supply and demand is the most basic principle of economics. Supply and demand have an inverse relationship to each other for very simple reasons. When demand increases, people buy more of an item, thus lowering supply. If supply increases, then items demand of an item is decreased unless the price is lowered. The way that this case is affected by supply and demand is when the CAFÉ standards are enacted the price of vehicles will go up due to the increased costs of production. The increase in the price will lower the demand of new cars and increase the supply sitting in dealerships. Also the increase in price of new fuel efficientShow MoreRelatedTrends in Hotel Industry13993 Words   |  56 Pagesof receiving and entertaining a guest with goodwill. Hospitality in the commercial context refers to the activity of hotels, restaurants, catering, inn, resorts or clubs who make a vocation of treating tourists. Helped With unique efforts by government and all other stakeholders, including hotel owners, resort managers, tour and travel operators and employees who work in the sector, Indian hospitality industry has gained a level of acceptance world over. It has yet to go miles for recognitionRead MoreU.s. Economy s Economy8463 Words   |  34 Pagesrate is expected to decline at a slow pace keeping consumer confidence low. In the short run, it is not likely that household spending will increase significantly. Industry Analysis The last several years were also tumultuous for the U.S. auto industry. After dominating the market for decades, American automakers had grown complacent about product development. At the same time, rising gas prices and uncertainty about the economy caused consumer preferences to shift from SUVs to more fuel efficientRead MoreHonda Motorbike Vietnam Marketing Strategy8077 Words   |  33 PagesInternational marketing environment | 3 | | | CHAPTER II: CASE STUDY OF HONDA ON VIETNAM MOTORBIKE MARKET | 8 | 2.1. Introduction to Honda | 8 | 2.1.1. Honda Company | 8 | 2.1.2. Honda Motorbike Vietnam | 9 | 2.2. Vietnam environment analysis | 11 | 2.2.1. PEST Analysis | 11 | 2.2.2. Opportunities and Challenges | 14 | 2.3. Honda motorbike strategy | 16 | 2.3.1. The advantage of product | 16 | 2.3.2. Honda’s social campaign achievement | 18 | 2.3.3. More than one symbol | 20 | 2.4. Honda’sRead MoreMm-Chapter 1-3 Dawn Iacobucci17854 Words   |  72 Pagesconcepts together.    MARKETING SOLUTIONS DID WE DO IT? Develop learning solutions based on today’s students and validate through an iterative process to ensure the ideal product mix. MM2 features an integrated marketing management framework, exhibits, and cases. Based on feedback from students there are tear-out reference cards highlighting key concepts and effective case analysis. DO YOU LIKE IT? MKTG5 Principles of Marketing Lamb / Hair / McDaniel ISBN-13: 978-1-111-52809-6 SELL2 ProfessionalRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesChapter 1 Modern Project Management Chapter 8 Scheduling resources and cost 1.2 Project defined 1.3 Project management defined 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 2.1 The project life cycle (.2.3) App. G.1 The project manager App. G.7 Political and social environments F.1 Integration of project management processes [3.1] 6.5.2 Setting a schedule baseline [8.1.4] 6.5.3.1 Setting a resource schedule 6.5.2.4 Resource leveling 7.2 Setting a cost and time baseline schedule (1.3.5) [8.1.3] 6.5.2.3 Critical chainRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesGender Role Perceptions? 166 glOBalization! Chinese Time, North American Time 171 Myth or Science? Creative Decision Making Is a Right-Brain Activity 181 Self-Assessment Library Am I A Deliberate Decision Maker? 183 An Ethical Choice Whose Ethical Standards to Follow? 185 Self-Assessment Library How Creative Am I? 190 Point/Counterpoint Checklists Lead to Better Decisions 191 CONTENTS xi Questions for Review 192 Experiential Exercise Biases in Decision Making 193 Ethical Dilemma Do Unethical

Tui Mkt301 Module 1 Case Free Essays

TUI University MKT 301 Winter 2012 Module 1, Case Assignment High Involvement: Infinity FX35; Low Involvement:  Starbucks Coffee Explain why the first product you chose was a High Involvement purchase and why the second was a Low Involvement purchase. Describe in detail the process you went through in buying each product. Bear in mind that the purpose of the assignment is to demonstrate the depth of your understanding of the teaching materials. We will write a custom essay sample on Tui Mkt301 Module 1 Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now Identify and discuss the differences between the ways you went through the purchase decision processes for the two products. Explain how you might use your understanding of the Model of Consumer Buying Behavior for the two products. High Involvement vs Low Involvement Purchases The purchase of anything is based on the consumer background, lifestyle, and comfort in which is a routine action or something that requires attention. This is generally tied to currency and risk. High Involvement: My recent high involvement purchase was an Infinity FX35. This purchase was a $57000 automobile that required effort and thought to purchase. This vehicle also represents an impact to my debt to income ratio and required a nominal loan that would influence my monthly cash flow over a period of time. High involvement purchase here is linked to high cost, my expression of status and ego. This was also an emotional purchase as I chose to purchase a product that fit my culture, my personal expectations of status and the immediate purchasing power that this represents. I know that a new car would represent a 40% loss of equity within a three year period but this represents a decision that was based on an acceptable level of risk. Recognizing the need for a new car that fit my wants, doing research and test driving multiple vehicles in this class, buying and evaluating post purchase are all solid steps in the purchase decision process (PDP). Actual branding of a luxury sport crossover played the most significant role in classifying this as a high involvement product. Low Involvement: Starbucks Coffee is what I would consider a low involvement product or service. There is not much thought put into this type of purchase and skips many of the PDP stages. This product or service is more about segmentation, habits, and brand loyalty. A low involvement purchase has little to no risk or monetary impact based on the individuals involvement. Starbucks Coffee represents a routine action that provides me with a fragmented conversation, a sense of satisfaction, and need to appease routine habits that is driven by the daily urge for caffeine and social interaction. A cup of coffee requires no evaluation process. The individual purchase decision process was night and day for these two products. The Infinity FX35 was influenced by more than one aspect of my decision making process. I followed more of the Do – Learn – Feel process with this purchase as it ended up representing a form of self-satisfaction to me versus and informed decision. I followed fragmented parts of the PDP. I knew that I needed a vehicle within the next year as I was giving my current car to my daughter. Based on a series of events I moved my purchase timeline to the current week. I knew I needed a car in a condensed timeframe and had the resources to buy anything that I would come across. While driving down a street I pulled into the infinity dealer, was captivated by the vehicle sitting in the center of the show room floor and told the sales person to ring it up. There was no information search or evaluation of alternatives as this was a vehicle that grasped at the superficial aspects of environmental influences and individual differences within me. I knew that Infinity was an upper-scaled Nissan vehicle and that I wanted to buy a vehicle that represented a separate class of society as well a sense of accomplishment for myself. The regular purchase of a Starbucks coffee on a daily basis is habit that is perpetuated with a potential need to feel accepted by myself for some reason. I routinely drive by the corner store and pass up an inexpensive cup of coffee daily as the big green Starbucks sign draws a reaction of wants out of me. I go in every morning to a small and friendly environment that has warm pastries, friendly employees, and regular customers that are typically all from the same class of society. I do not even attempt to order anything outside of a White Chocolate Moca and a walnut muffin while managing to maintain a happy filler conversation with the cheerful staff and routine customers. I do not ever maintain a receipt nor do I care about the impact of such a small routine purchase. In contrast to the vehicle purchase the lack of risk mitigates decision steps. The idea to market an Infinity FX35 is based more on customer driven segmentation. This vehicle is in the same class as the BMW X5, Porsche Cheyanne, and Audi Q7. It is generally out of financial reach and comfort of consumer risk from general population. The targeted approach to dealership placement is in large suburban areas that are user related and focus on the buyer’s characteristics. This class of vehicle additionally targets a very diverse size of the potential market by branding and pricing in-between the middle class and upper class. The available or targeted market is based on life style and snob appeal. Most people that are in this target group are fairly well educated and are in a higher income bracket or place more value on self-worth. The motivation for this purchase is based on a high level of thought that focuses on the informative aspects of the product while actually skipping many sub elements in the information search aspect of the PDP. The buying behavior for an Infinity FX35 tends to key in on the influences that lead to a purchase. Environmental influences are culture, social class, and personal while individual differences focus on attitude, personality, and life style. For these reasons, the PDP has the potential to skip information search and evaluation of alternatives steps based on the buyers fit into the mixed marketing environment and strategy. Infinity its self is marketed as the highest class, lowest priced of Japanese luxury vehicles. This gives them the ability to reach a more diverse segment of the middle class population based on a lower price and class branding. Infinity’s competitive advantage is based on value to the customer over its class of competitors. Starbucks coffee is based more on customer driven segmentation on a much broader scale. This produce is no different from many other similar products but is focused on social and habit forming elements. It is not generally out of financial reach and comfort of consumer risk while maintaining status quo as a high end coffee franchise. The targeted approach to Starbucks franchise placement is in a broad spectrum of suburban and rural areas based on a global footprint. The areas that are user related and focus on the buyer’s habits and culture. This brand of coffee additionally targets a very diverse size and global aspect of the potential market by branding and pricing with upper echelon of lower class and the middle class. There is an age value placed on the target audience from 19-36+ and has a socio-economic, demographic and attitudinal impacts on the consumer break down. Even though Starbucks is at the higher end of price for coffee, the available or targeted market is based on value, life style, and snob appeal. Consumers in this target group are seem to have satisfaction out of feeling as if Starbucks branding and association with a fictions lifestyle could appease individual value on self-worth and group acceptance. The motivation for this purchase is based on a low level of thought that focuses on the affective, habit forming, and self-satisfaction aspects of the product while actually skipping most all aspect of the PDP. Marketing stimulus plays a key role in subdividing these customers in a similar way and have similar needs. The buying behavior for Starbucks branded coffee tends to rely on word of mouth and influences that lead to a purchase. This is not about problem recognition, information search, and skips evaluation of alternatives. This is a direct purchase of a consumer good based on â€Å"FEEL† regardless of satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Environmental influences are culture, social class, and personal â€Å"loyalty branding† while individual differences focus on attitude, personality, and life style. For these reasons, the PDP is affected by the product, price, promotion, and place (4Ps). The target market skips different steps based on the category of consumer and how the consumer fits into the mixed marketing environment or strategy. Starbucks survives thru diversity among segment of the middle class population based on a lower price and branding. Starbucks competitive advantage is based on branding and social acceptance to the customer over its class of competitors. In conclusion, these two products have widely different levels of involvement by the consumer, but the target markets are very similar in nature. These products are associated with a enhanced image of a brand that influences the customer. The PDP and 4Ps may vary, but the target market will always be willing to spend more spend more to maintain self-worth. How to cite Tui Mkt301 Module 1 Case, Papers

Motor Skills Learning in Golf Coaching Lesson

Question: Discuss about three stages of motor learning and applying motor learning stages in coaching athletes. Answer: One of the primary aspects, which need to be analyzed, is that the athletes should respond and does not concentrate much on thinking on various aspects. An effective coach would target in developing the gripping and ripping power of the athletes. Thus, motor learning especially at the early stages plays a crucial role in the lives of the athletes by providing an idea of the movement. Furthermore, it helps in understanding the basic pattern of coordination. For achieving all these objectives, the learner needs to use verbal and cognitive protocols so that the accustomed problems are successfully addressed (Carson, Collins and Richards 2014). From the perspective of Coach, it can be stated that this simple paradigm is extremely helpful for guiding, understanding and thereby accelerating the motor learning protocol. Thus, a complete explanation of all these stages needs to be addressed in order to promote effective coaching impact on the athletes (Jensen et al. 2015). Three Stages of Motor Learning The motor skill acquisition factor is based on three distinct stages, i.e. Cognitive Stage, Associative Stage and the Autonomous Stage. Cognitive Stage For a new athlete, the issue related to the cognitive stage remains in understanding the entire scenario. It is often very difficult for an individual to lean a basic skill without having any knowledge regarding the subject on a before note. Taking an example of butterfly stroke, which is common in swimming practices, a new learner need to learn about the facts regarding the unnatural stroke, which is associated to the movement of arms and the kicks (Lee and Schmidt 2014). A learner would be subjected to numerous challenges if he/she is subjected to butterfly stroke without having a glimpse of the event or inheriting associated knowledge regarding the act. Thus, motor learning initiates with the cognitive stage along with the processing of the basic information regarding the act. Cognitive stage can be considered as the greatest parameter for the athlete as this stage involves the protocol of information processing. This is also known as the verbal motor stage. The stage is found to be involving the factor of conveyance (i.e. the verbal perspective) and acquisition (i.e. cognition perspective) related to the new information. In this stage, the person trying to process the information delivers an attempt to the cognitive in order to understand the basic requirements and the parameters related to the motor movement. In the theory of the new golf learners, cognitive stage plays a very crucial role which need to be analyzed by the coach effective and systematically. The novice learners need to encounter a golf lesson in the beginning of the course. Having never seen a golfer playing the game in a defined style would not trigger the excitement and the eager regarding the game. The coach need to understand that every learner is a mini tabula rasa who is always ready to learn. They need to watch the preceding classes of the golfers and thereby immediately get accustomed to the visual information regarding the same. The next factor, which needs to be analyzed by the golfer, includes the explanation of golf swings before beginning the game (Gredin and Williams 2015). This exercise is mainly based on the verbal interaction regarding the sport with the coach and the learners. Thus, it can be stated that the learners do not simply grow up to be an effective golfer, but should rely on the cognitive approac h at the very primitive stage. The cognitive stage is mainly characterized with large gains in terms of inconsistent performance and effective performances. In this stage, the factors of guidance, video analysis, slow motion drills, basic instructions, augmented feedback and the relating coaching techniques are systematically analyzed. According to the Closed Loop theory, it is important that the learner is provided with the necessary information, guidance, and time to establish sound fundamentals of movement. Similarly, in Schema Theory, it states that, Sometimes making errors and taking a constructivist approach to coaching and learning can be useful. Associative Stage The associative stage of motor learning mainly encompasses the parameters including much less verbal information, conscious performance, disjointed and awkward movement, adjusting making and the long period of time for completion of the task. At thus stage, the athlete mainly tend in developing the movement for adjusting along with stringing together in order to develop minute movement skills. This stage is also marked as the intermediate motor stage as it is found to be entitled to solving problems, which arises in the associated stage (regarding the performance of the skill). Based on the cognitive perspective, it can be clearly analyzed that an athlete attempts in translating the declarative knowledge to procedural knowledge. In other words, it can be stated that the athlete is transformed from what to do to how to do (Duivenvoorden, Kok and van Hilvoorde 2014). A new athlete, who is recently transferred from one program to another need to analyze carefully the reason for transfer. The level of performance needs to be analyzed and thereby the factors of any declination should be thoroughly monitored by the coach. If it is realized that the lack of progress is due to the lack of fundamentals, then the coach need to implement remedial courses of work. The factor of motor acquisition, which is eventually considered as the best approach needs to be explained thoroughly in order to improvise the performance that the person need to change. The changes, which need to be implemented, depend on the factors of old habits and the innovative fundamentals, which should be revised (depending on three motor stages, i.e. the cognitive, the associative and the autonomous) stages (Vine et al. 2013). The relearning protocol aims in acquisition of innovative information (i.e. the cognitive stage) and then following the frustrations related to the associative st age. Getting the athletes for relearning is often considered as a challenging factor for the coaches. Some of the athletes, especially the successful athletes often to comment, Hey, I was high school state champion doing it this way! Why should I change? Besides, the new movement feels awkward. On such situation, it is encounters that an effective coach replies that, Well, you could have won by even more had you done it the new way! Thus, it is very clear from such common statements in the sports field that the athletes feel quite awkward and uncomfortable while trying something new (Hayman et al. 2013). Moreover, they are also found to very reluctant in continuing with the effective change bought by the coach into their practice system, which often results in negative consequences. The verbal information provided in the three stages of the motor learning protocol provides information regarding the new technologies for activating or establishing a learning schema. Moreover, it helps in pr oviding the rationale and the perspective for persevering with the change. Autonomous Stage According to the concept of Fitts and Posner Paradigm, the Autonomous Stage is considered as the final motor acquisition stage, which needs to be handled very sincerely. It is often found to be accustomed to years of training sessions, which tend to arrive effectively in this stage. This stage is basically reserved for the elite athletes which is often found intermingled with the motor performance, It can be stated that the motor performance of the athletes becomes tentatively automatic and the cognitive processing demands are found to be very minimal. The athletes are seen to be capable of attending or processing other relevant information regarding the sport. This includes the position of defensive players, innovative strategies for the game or the other forms (or style) of movement which need to be implemented. This is found to be quite common in various sports, such as ice staking, synchronized swimming and the forms of dancing (Kmmel, Kramer and Gruber 2014). It is the most effe ctive stage where the athlete need to respond and thereby think minimally regarding the gripping factors and looking automatically to react (or enter a state of flow). It can be assumed that both these factors of bad outcomes and good outcomes are effectively associated to the autonomous stages. A significant performance would require much less attention along with cognitive demand regarding the engagement of the performance in the secondary tasks. It is often noted that there are several ineffective outcomes regarding the automatic performance of an athlete, which reinforces them to maintain incorrect movements. This is because the athletes are accustomed to certain level of comfort along with reinforcement, which is mainly associated to automatic performances (Barnett et al. 2015). This is evenly followed even when the approaches adopted by the individual is imperfect or uncontrollable. Thus, as the motor movement can be performed systematically and scientifically, it does not means that the movement is correct and acceptable. An effective coach would not permit the influence of such motor activity. As the athletes stop thinking about the innovat ive movement during the associative and the cognitive stages, then it is quite common that the person would also respond automatically by reverting onto the incorrect and old movement in the performance repertoire. The three stages of the motor learning session are summarized below: Table 1: Summary of Fitts and Posners Three Stages of Motor Learning Stages Process Characteristics Other Name Cognitive Motor Learning Gathering the information Associated to large gains and inconsistent performance of the athletes Verbal Motor Stage Associative Motor Learning Putting the actions all together Small gains are achieved along with the occurrence of disjointed performance and conscious efforts Motor Stage Autonomous Motor Learning Placing much time and practice The performance seems to be unconscious, smooth and automatic Automatic Stage (Source: Charness 2014) Applying Motor learning stages in coaching Athletes The athletes should be provided with detailed information in the early stages of their learning. They should be supplied with correct information, so that they can perform in a correct way. A clear and concise instruction is required in order to deliver the message to the athletes. If in case the athletes will not understand what is taught to them, then they will not perform in a correct way, then in this case the instructor is solely responsible for that action. Hence, a clear communication is required so that they can grasp the concepts easily. The instructor can understand the physics behind the teaching but he/ she should make the athletes understand these concepts in nonprofessional terms. The explanation of the three stages of motor learning and relearning process is necessary for the athletes. Generally, it is more difficult to relearn something than learning it for the first time. This complexity can lead to annoyance and this behavior can act like a hurdle in the learning pr ocess as well as the accomplishment of goal. The instructor should note about the performance of the athletes in all the stages. Proper evaluation will help to analyze the stage/stages in which relearning is required. The instructor needs to gain the trusts of the athletes and assure them that their performance will be enhanced in all the stages leading to a progression in their overall learning process. It is generally observed that some instructors are unsuccessful in fixing the movements. They know how to teach something correctly in the beginning, but not know how to fix a bad habit (Strachan, MacDonald and Ct 2016). Therefore, the understanding of cognitive theory and the approach of cognitive teaching will help them effectively. The instructors also need to be patient with the athletes during the associative stage. The associative stage is involved with the awkward and disjointed movements. Initially, the things do not appear easy because it is a learning process and it need time to understand the things (Kantak and Winstein 2012). If the instructor expects an immediate and smooth performance, then this expectation is useless and leads to disappointment in most of the cases. In this case, there is no need to fear and panic because this act can make the athletes more anxious and will interfere in their learning process. For example, some athletes fear the consequences of losing and the outcome of the result. Due to this, they always remain in a state of dilemmas (Anderson and Campbell 2015). Hence, the instructor needs to remain calm and patient. They need to facilitate learning with more confidence and should boost the morale of the athletes at every stage of the learning. The primary goal of the instructor should revolve around the performance of the athletes. The athletes should perform automatically. Though, it is already known that automaticity leads to the creation of an empty space in the working memory which results in the emergence of negative and unproductive thoughts. Therefore, the instructors should keep the working memory of the athletes with the right stuff (Riveiro et al. 2015). They should learn to monitor their thoughts and remove negativity from their minds. They should engage themselves in positive self-talk and should get motivated at every stage of the learning process in an effective manner. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that a coaching learning protocol mainly helps in developing the legitimate area of the enquiry. It is analyzed to be the base of information, which is developed along the serendipitous lines. An effective coach would sincerely target in influencing the personal along with the methodological interest of the scholars. They would not attempt in developing the conceptually oriented along with the consensual research agenda. Often it can be stated that there is a dearth of the research study, which tend to evaluate the content, structure and the provision related to coach learning. The factor relating the implication of such factor on the coaching practitioner needs to be analyzed thoroughly. In respect to this, an effective coach need to be analyze the rigorous examination regarding the content, assessment, delivery along with the impact on the professionals practice and knowledge. Recommendations Based on the above literature study, the following recommendations can be addressed: There are various different ways of understanding and thereby conceptualizing learning abilities Often there are relative absence associated to the empirically informed researches which need to be addressed in the coach learning The factor of theoretical eclecticism is highly preferable. However the parameter of coach learning should be designed in an explicit manner in order to relate to the assumptions and thereby co relate to an understanding regarding the learning and alignment of the objectives in the program The literature provides a little appreciation regarding learning and teaching preferences along with the needs of the coaches across various coaching domains and within the developmental spectrum Mentoring, Reflection and the parameter of Situated Learning are considered an important factor of structure learning. However, these parameters require effort and time in order to develop and thereby get embedded to the coaching learning techniques. An effective golf coach need to link all these changes effectively in the coaching practice in order to boost the magnitude of the training sessions Mentoring by the coach plays a crucial role in addressing the formal and informal learning sessions. It can be experiences as both negative and positive factors for the research evidences in order to identify its impact on the practice. The role of a golf coach is to influence content knowledge more effectively on the entire process and thereby monitor the entire scenario sincerely. References Anderson, R. and Campbell, M.J., 2015. Accelerating Skill Acquisition in Rowing Using Self-Based Observational Learning and Expert Modelling During Performance.International journal of Sports Science Coaching,10(2-3), pp.425-437. Barnett, L.M., Hardy, L.L., Brian, A.S. and Robertson, S., 2015. The development and validation of a golf swing and putt skill assessment for children.Journal of sports science medicine,14(1), p.147. Carson, H.J., Collins, D. and Richards, J., 2014. To hit, or not to hit? Examining the similarity between practice and real swings in golf.International Journal of Golf Science,3(2), pp.103-118. Charness, A.N., 2014. 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